Base classes for Matrix Groups¶
Loading, saving, … works:
sage: G = GL(2,5); G
General Linear Group of degree 2 over Finite Field of size 5
sage: TestSuite(G).run()
sage: g = G.1; g
[4 1]
[4 0]
sage: TestSuite(g).run()
We test that trac ticket #9437 is fixed:
sage: len(list(SL(2, Zmod(4))))
48
AUTHORS:
William Stein: initial version
David Joyner (2006-03-15): degree, base_ring, _contains_, list, random, order methods; examples
William Stein (2006-12): rewrite
David Joyner (2007-12): Added invariant_generators (with Martin Albrecht and Simon King)
David Joyner (2008-08): Added module_composition_factors (interface to GAP’s MeatAxe implementation) and as_permutation_group (returns isomorphic PermutationGroup).
Simon King (2010-05): Improve invariant_generators by using GAP for the construction of the Reynolds operator in Singular.
Sebastian Oehms (2018-07): Add
subgroup()
andambient()
see trac ticket #25894
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class
sage.groups.matrix_gps.matrix_group.
MatrixGroup_base
¶ Bases:
sage.groups.group.Group
Base class for all matrix groups.
This base class just holds the base ring, but not the degree. So it can be a base for affine groups where the natural matrix is larger than the degree of the affine group. Makes no assumption about the group except that its elements have a
matrix()
method.-
ambient
()¶ Return the ambient group of a subgroup.
OUTPUT:
A group containing
self
. Ifself
has not been defined as a subgroup, we just returnself
.EXAMPLES:
sage: G = GL(2,QQ) sage: m = matrix(QQ, 2,2, [[3, 0],[~5,1]]) sage: S = G.subgroup([m]) sage: S.ambient() is G True
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as_matrix_group
()¶ Return a new matrix group from the generators.
This will throw away any extra structure (encoded in a derived class) that a group of special matrices has.
EXAMPLES:
sage: G = SU(4,GF(5)) sage: G.as_matrix_group() Matrix group over Finite Field in a of size 5^2 with 2 generators ( [ a 0 0 0] [ 1 0 4*a + 3 0] [ 0 2*a + 3 0 0] [ 1 0 0 0] [ 0 0 4*a + 1 0] [ 0 2*a + 4 0 1] [ 0 0 0 3*a], [ 0 3*a + 1 0 0] ) sage: G = GO(3,GF(5)) sage: G.as_matrix_group() Matrix group over Finite Field of size 5 with 2 generators ( [2 0 0] [0 1 0] [0 3 0] [1 4 4] [0 0 1], [0 2 1] )
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sign_representation
(base_ring=None, side='twosided')¶ Return the sign representation of
self
overbase_ring
.WARNING: assumes
self
is a matrix group over a field which has embedding over real numbers.INPUT:
base_ring
– (optional) the base ring; the default is \(\ZZ\)side
– ignored
EXAMPLES:
sage: G = GL(2, QQ) sage: V = G.sign_representation() sage: e = G.an_element() sage: e [1 0] [0 1] sage: V._default_sign(e) 1 sage: m2 = V.an_element() sage: m2 2*B['v'] sage: m2*e 2*B['v'] sage: m2*e*e 2*B['v']
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subgroup
(generators, check=True)¶ Return the subgroup generated by the given generators.
INPUT:
generators
– a list/tuple/iterable of group elements of selfcheck
– boolean (optional, default:True
). Whether to check that each matrix is invertible.
OUTPUT: The subgroup generated by
generators
as an instance of FinitelyGeneratedMatrixGroup_gapEXAMPLES:
sage: UCF = UniversalCyclotomicField() sage: G = GL(3, UCF) sage: e3 = UCF.gen(3); e5 =UCF.gen(5) sage: m = matrix(UCF, 3,3, [[e3, 1, 0], [0, e5, 7],[4, 3, 2]]) sage: S = G.subgroup([m]); S Subgroup with 1 generators ( [E(3) 1 0] [ 0 E(5) 7] [ 4 3 2] ) of General Linear Group of degree 3 over Universal Cyclotomic Field sage: CF3 = CyclotomicField(3) sage: G = GL(3, CF3) sage: e3 = CF3.gen() sage: m = matrix(CF3, 3,3, [[e3, 1, 0], [0, ~e3, 7],[4, 3, 2]]) sage: S = G.subgroup([m]); S Subgroup with 1 generators ( [ zeta3 1 0] [ 0 -zeta3 - 1 7] [ 4 3 2] ) of General Linear Group of degree 3 over Cyclotomic Field of order 3 and degree 2
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class
sage.groups.matrix_gps.matrix_group.
MatrixGroup_gap
(degree, base_ring, libgap_group, ambient=None, category=None)¶ Bases:
sage.groups.libgap_mixin.GroupMixinLibGAP
,sage.groups.matrix_gps.matrix_group.MatrixGroup_generic
,sage.groups.libgap_wrapper.ParentLibGAP
Base class for matrix groups that implements GAP interface.
INPUT:
degree
– integer. The degree (matrix size) of the matrix group.base_ring
– ring. The base ring of the matrices.libgap_group
– the defining libgap group.ambient
– A derived class ofParentLibGAP
orNone
(default). The ambient class iflibgap_group
has been defined as a subgroup.
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Element
¶ alias of
sage.groups.matrix_gps.group_element.MatrixGroupElement_gap
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structure_description
(G, latex=False)¶ Return a string that tries to describe the structure of
G
.This methods wraps GAP’s
StructureDescription
method.For full details, including the form of the returned string and the algorithm to build it, see GAP’s documentation.
INPUT:
latex
– a boolean (default:False
). IfTrue
return a LaTeX formatted string.
OUTPUT:
string
Warning
From GAP’s documentation: The string returned by
StructureDescription
is not an isomorphism invariant: non-isomorphic groups can have the same string value, and two isomorphic groups in different representations can produce different strings.EXAMPLES:
sage: G = CyclicPermutationGroup(6) sage: G.structure_description() 'C6' sage: G.structure_description(latex=True) 'C_{6}' sage: G2 = G.direct_product(G, maps=False) sage: LatexExpr(G2.structure_description(latex=True)) C_{6} \times C_{6}
This method is mainly intended for small groups or groups with few normal subgroups. Even then there are some surprises:
sage: D3 = DihedralGroup(3) sage: D3.structure_description() 'S3'
We use the Sage notation for the degree of dihedral groups:
sage: D4 = DihedralGroup(4) sage: D4.structure_description() 'D4'
Works for finitely presented groups (trac ticket #17573):
sage: F.<x, y> = FreeGroup() sage: G=F / [x^2*y^-1, x^3*y^2, x*y*x^-1*y^-1] sage: G.structure_description() 'C7'
And matrix groups (trac ticket #17573):
sage: groups.matrix.GL(4,2).structure_description() 'A8'
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class
sage.groups.matrix_gps.matrix_group.
MatrixGroup_generic
(degree, base_ring, category=None)¶ Bases:
sage.groups.matrix_gps.matrix_group.MatrixGroup_base
Base class for matrix groups over generic base rings
You should not use this class directly. Instead, use one of the more specialized derived classes.
INPUT:
degree
– integer. The degree (matrix size) of the matrix group.base_ring
– ring. The base ring of the matrices.
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Element
¶ alias of
sage.groups.matrix_gps.group_element.MatrixGroupElement_generic
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degree
()¶ Return the degree of this matrix group.
OUTPUT:
Integer. The size (number of rows equals number of columns) of the matrices.
EXAMPLES:
sage: SU(5,5).degree() 5
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matrix_space
()¶ Return the matrix space corresponding to this matrix group.
This is a matrix space over the field of definition of this matrix group.
EXAMPLES:
sage: F = GF(5); MS = MatrixSpace(F,2,2) sage: G = MatrixGroup([MS(1), MS([1,2,3,4])]) sage: G.matrix_space() Full MatrixSpace of 2 by 2 dense matrices over Finite Field of size 5 sage: G.matrix_space() is MS True
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sage.groups.matrix_gps.matrix_group.
is_MatrixGroup
(x)¶ Test whether
x
is a matrix group.EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.groups.matrix_gps.matrix_group import is_MatrixGroup sage: is_MatrixGroup(MatrixSpace(QQ,3)) False sage: is_MatrixGroup(Mat(QQ,3)) False sage: is_MatrixGroup(GL(2,ZZ)) True sage: is_MatrixGroup(MatrixGroup([matrix(2,[1,1,0,1])])) True