Jack Symmetric Functions¶

Jack’s symmetric functions appear in [Ma1995] Chapter VI, section 10. Zonal polynomials are the subject of [Ma1995] Chapter VII. The parameter \(\alpha\) in that reference is the parameter \(t\) in this implementation in sage.

REFERENCES:

Jack1970: H. Jack, A class of symmetric functions with a parameter, Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh (A), 69, 1-18.
Ma1995(1,2): I. G. Macdonald, Symmetric functions and Hall polynomials, second ed., The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995, With contributions by A. Zelevinsky, Oxford Science Publications.

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.Jack(Sym, t='t')¶

Bases: sage.structure.unique_representation.UniqueRepresentation

The family of Jack symmetric functions including the \(P\), \(Q\), \(J\), \(Qp\) bases. The default parameter is t.

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases
Sym – a ring of symmetric functions
t – an optional parameter (default : ‘t’)

EXAMPLES:

sage: SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack()
Jack polynomials over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field
sage: SymmetricFunctions(QQ).jack(1)
Jack polynomials with t=1 over Rational Field

J()¶

Returns the algebra of Jack polynomials in the \(J\) basis.

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT: the \(J\) basis of the Jack symmetric functions

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JJ = Sym.jack().J(); JJ
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field in the Jack J basis
sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: Sym.jack(t=-1).J()
Symmetric Functions over Rational Field in the Jack J with t=-1 basis

At \(t = 1\), the Jack polynomials in the \(J\) basis are scalar multiples of the Schur functions with the scalar given by a Partition’s hook_product() method at 1:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: JJ = Sym.jack(t=1).J()
sage: s = Sym.schur()
sage: p = Partition([3,2,1,1])
sage: s(JJ(p)) == p.hook_product(1)*s(p)  # long time (4s on sage.math, 2012)
True

At \(t = 2\), the Jack polynomials in the \(J\) basis are scalar multiples of the zonal polynomials with the scalar given by a Partition’s hook_product() method at 2.

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: JJ = Sym.jack(t=2).J()
sage: Z = Sym.zonal()
sage: p = Partition([2,2,1])
sage: Z(JJ(p)) == p.hook_product(2)*Z(p)
True

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JJ = Sym.jack().J()
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P()
sage: JJ(sum(JP(p) for p in Partitions(3)))
1/6*JackJ[1, 1, 1] + (1/(t+2))*JackJ[2, 1] + (1/2/(t^2+3/2*t+1/2))*JackJ[3]

sage: s = Sym.schur()
sage: JJ(s([3])) # indirect doctest
((1/6*t^2-1/2*t+1/3)/(t^2+3*t+2))*JackJ[1, 1, 1] + ((t-1)/(t^2+5/2*t+1))*JackJ[2, 1] + (1/2/(t^2+3/2*t+1/2))*JackJ[3]
sage: JJ(s([2,1]))
((1/3*t-1/3)/(t+2))*JackJ[1, 1, 1] + (1/(t+2))*JackJ[2, 1]
sage: JJ(s([1,1,1]))
1/6*JackJ[1, 1, 1]

P()¶

Returns the algebra of Jack polynomials in the \(P\) basis.

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT:

the \(P\) basis of the Jack symmetric functions

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P(); JP
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field in the Jack P basis
sage: Sym.jack(t=-1).P()
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field in the Jack P with t=-1 basis

At \(t = 1\), the Jack polynomials in the \(P\) basis are the Schur symmetric functions.

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: JP = Sym.jack(t=1).P()
sage: s = Sym.schur()
sage: s(JP([2,2,1]))
s[2, 2, 1]
sage: JP(s([2,2,1]))
JackP[2, 2, 1]
sage: JP([2,1])^2
JackP[2, 2, 1, 1] + JackP[2, 2, 2] + JackP[3, 1, 1, 1] + 2*JackP[3, 2, 1] + JackP[3, 3] + JackP[4, 1, 1] + JackP[4, 2]

At \(t = 2\), the Jack polynomials in the \(P\) basis are the zonal polynomials.

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: JP = Sym.jack(t=2).P()
sage: Z = Sym.zonal()
sage: Z(JP([2,2,1]))
Z[2, 2, 1]
sage: JP(Z[2, 2, 1])
JackP[2, 2, 1]
sage: JP([2])^2
64/45*JackP[2, 2] + 16/21*JackP[3, 1] + JackP[4]
sage: Z([2])^2
64/45*Z[2, 2] + 16/21*Z[3, 1] + Z[4]

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ['a','b'].fraction_field())
sage: (a,b) = Sym.base_ring().gens()
sage: Jacka = Sym.jack(t=a)
sage: Jackb = Sym.jack(t=b)
sage: m = Sym.monomial()
sage: JPa = Jacka.P()
sage: JPb = Jackb.P()
sage: m(JPa[2,1])
(6/(a+2))*m[1, 1, 1] + m[2, 1]
sage: m(JPb[2,1])
(6/(b+2))*m[1, 1, 1] + m[2, 1]
sage: m(a*JPb([2,1]) + b*JPa([2,1]))
((6*a^2+6*b^2+12*a+12*b)/(a*b+2*a+2*b+4))*m[1, 1, 1] + (a+b)*m[2, 1]
sage: JPa(JPb([2,1]))
((6*a-6*b)/(a*b+2*a+2*b+4))*JackP[1, 1, 1] + JackP[2, 1]

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JQ = Sym.jack().Q()
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P()
sage: JJ = Sym.jack().J()

sage: JP(JQ([2,1]))
((1/2*t+1)/(t^3+1/2*t^2))*JackP[2, 1]
sage: JP(JQ([3]))
((1/3*t^2+1/2*t+1/6)/t^3)*JackP[3]
sage: JP(JQ([1,1,1]))
(6/(t^3+3*t^2+2*t))*JackP[1, 1, 1]

sage: JP(JJ([3]))
(2*t^2+3*t+1)*JackP[3]
sage: JP(JJ([2,1]))
(t+2)*JackP[2, 1]
sage: JP(JJ([1,1,1]))
6*JackP[1, 1, 1]

sage: s = Sym.schur()
sage: JP(s([2,1]))
((2*t-2)/(t+2))*JackP[1, 1, 1] + JackP[2, 1]
sage: s(_)
s[2, 1]

Q()¶

Returns the algebra of Jack polynomials in the \(Q\) basis.

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT:

the \(Q\) basis of the Jack symmetric functions

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JQ = Sym.jack().Q(); JQ
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field in the Jack Q basis
sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: Sym.jack(t=-1).Q()
Symmetric Functions over Rational Field in the Jack Q with t=-1 basis

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JQ = Sym.jack().Q()
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P()
sage: JQ(sum(JP(p) for p in Partitions(3)))
(1/6*t^3+1/2*t^2+1/3*t)*JackQ[1, 1, 1] + ((2*t^3+t^2)/(t+2))*JackQ[2, 1] + (3*t^3/(t^2+3/2*t+1/2))*JackQ[3]

sage: s = Sym.schur()
sage: JQ(s([3])) # indirect doctest
(1/6*t^3-1/2*t^2+1/3*t)*JackQ[1, 1, 1] + ((2*t^3-2*t^2)/(t+2))*JackQ[2, 1] + (3*t^3/(t^2+3/2*t+1/2))*JackQ[3]
sage: JQ(s([2,1]))
(1/3*t^3-1/3*t)*JackQ[1, 1, 1] + ((2*t^3+t^2)/(t+2))*JackQ[2, 1]
sage: JQ(s([1,1,1]))
(1/6*t^3+1/2*t^2+1/3*t)*JackQ[1, 1, 1]

Qp()¶

Returns the algebra of Jack polynomials in the \(Qp\), which is dual to the \(P\) basis with respect to the standard scalar product.

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT:

the \(Q'\) basis of the Jack symmetric functions

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P()
sage: JQp = Sym.jack().Qp(); JQp
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field in the Jack Qp basis
sage: a = JQp([2])
sage: a.scalar(JP([2]))
1
sage: a.scalar(JP([1,1]))
0
sage: JP(JQp([2]))                        # todo: missing auto normalization
((t-1)/(t+1))*JackP[1, 1] + JackP[2]
sage: JP._normalize(JP(JQp([2])))
((t-1)/(t+1))*JackP[1, 1] + JackP[2]

base_ring()¶

Returns the base ring of the symmetric functions in which the Jack symmetric functions live

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT:

the base ring of the symmetric functions ring of self

EXAMPLES:

sage: J2 = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).jack(t=2)
sage: J2.base_ring()
Rational Field

symmetric_function_ring()¶

Returns the base ring of the symmetric functions of the Jack symmetric function bases

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT:

the symmetric functions ring of self

EXAMPLES:

sage: Jacks = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack()
sage: Jacks.symmetric_function_ring()
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_generic(jack)¶

Bases: sage.combinat.sf.sfa.SymmetricFunctionAlgebra_generic

A class of methods which are common to all Jack bases of the symmetric functions

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
jack – a family of Jack symmetric function bases

EXAMPLES

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P(); JP.base_ring()
Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field
sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: JP = Sym.jack(t=2).P(); JP.base_ring()
Rational Field

class Element¶

Bases: sage.combinat.sf.sfa.SymmetricFunctionAlgebra_generic_Element

scalar_jack(x, t=None)¶

A scalar product where the power sums are orthogonal and \(\langle p_\mu, p_\mu \rangle = z_\mu t^{length(\mu)}\)

INPUT:

self – an element of a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
x – an element of the symmetric functions
t – an optional parameter (defaultNone uses the parameter from
the basis)

OUTPUT:

returns the Jack scalar product between x and self

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P()
sage: JQ = Sym.jack().Q()
sage: p = Partitions(3).list()
sage: matrix([[JP(a).scalar_jack(JQ(b)) for a in p] for b in p])
[1 0 0]
[0 1 0]
[0 0 1]

c1(part)¶

Returns the \(t\)-Jack scalar product between J(part) and P(part).

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
part – a partition
t – an optional parameter (default: uses the parameter \(t\) from the Jack basis)

OUTPUT:

a polynomial in the parameter t which is equal to the scalar product of J(part) and P(part)

EXAMPLES

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: JP.c1(Partition([2,1]))
t + 2

c2(part)¶

Returns the \(t\)-Jack scalar product between J(part) and Q(part).

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
part – a partition
t – an optional parameter (default: uses the parameter \(t\) from the
Jack basis)

OUTPUT:

a polynomial in the parameter t which is equal to the scalar product of J(part) and Q(part)

EXAMPLES:

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: JP.c2(Partition([2,1]))
2*t^3 + t^2

coproduct_by_coercion(elt)¶

Returns the coproduct of the element elt by coercion to the Schur basis.

INPUT:

self – a Jack symmetric function basis
elt – an instance of this basis

OUTPUT:

The coproduct acting on elt, the result is an element of the tensor squared of the Jack symmetric function basis

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ['t'].fraction_field())
sage: Sym.jack().P()[2,2].coproduct() #indirect doctest
JackP[] # JackP[2, 2] + (2/(t+1))*JackP[1] # JackP[2, 1] + ((8*t+4)/(t^3+4*t^2+5*t+2))*JackP[1, 1] # JackP[1, 1] + JackP[2] # JackP[2] + (2/(t+1))*JackP[2, 1] # JackP[1] + JackP[2, 2] # JackP[]

jack_family()¶

Returns the family of Jack bases associated to the basis self

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions

OUTPUT:

the family of Jack symmetric functions associated to self

EXAMPLES:

sage: JackP = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).jack(t=2).P()
sage: JackP.jack_family()
Jack polynomials with t=2 over Rational Field

product(left, right)¶

The product of two Jack symmetric functions is done by multiplying the elements in the \(P\) basis and then expressing the elements in the basis self.

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
left, right – symmetric function elements

OUTPUT:

the product of left and right expanded in the basis self

EXAMPLES:

sage: JJ = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().J()
sage: JJ([1])^2              # indirect doctest
(t/(t+1))*JackJ[1, 1] + (1/(t+1))*JackJ[2]
sage: JJ([2])^2
(t^2/(t^2+3/2*t+1/2))*JackJ[2, 2] + (4/3*t/(t^2+4/3*t+1/3))*JackJ[3, 1] + ((1/6*t+1/6)/(t^2+5/6*t+1/6))*JackJ[4]
sage: JQ = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().Q()
sage: JQ([1])^2              # indirect doctest
JackQ[1, 1] + (2/(t+1))*JackQ[2]
sage: JQ([2])^2
JackQ[2, 2] + (2/(t+1))*JackQ[3, 1] + ((t+1)/(t^2+5/6*t+1/6))*JackQ[4]

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_j(jack)¶

Bases: sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_generic

The \(J\) basis is a defined as a normalized form of the \(P\) basis

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(P\) basis of the symmetric functions
jack – a family of Jack symmetric function bases

EXAMPLES:

sage: J = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().J()
sage: TestSuite(J).run(skip=['_test_associativity', '_test_distributivity', '_test_prod']) # products are too expensive
sage: TestSuite(J).run(elements = [J.t*J[1,1]+J[2], J[1]+(1+J.t)*J[1,1]])  # long time (3s on sage.math, 2012)

class Element¶: Bases: sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_generic.Element

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_p(jack)¶

Bases: sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_generic

The \(P\) basis is uni-triangularly related to the monomial basis and orthogonal with respect to the Jack scalar product.

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(P\) basis of the symmetric functions
jack – a family of Jack symmetric function bases

EXAMPLES:

sage: P = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: TestSuite(P).run(skip=['_test_associativity', '_test_distributivity', '_test_prod']) # products are too expensive
sage: TestSuite(P).run(elements = [P.t*P[1,1]+P[2], P[1]+(1+P.t)*P[1,1]])

class Element¶

Bases: sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_generic.Element

scalar_jack(x, t=None)¶

The scalar product on the symmetric functions where the power sums are orthogonal and \(\langle p_\mu, p_\mu \rangle = z_\mu t^{length(mu)}\) where the t parameter from the Jack symmetric function family.

INPUT:

self – an element of the Jack \(P\) basis
x – an element of the \(P\) basis

EXAMPLES

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: l = [JP(p) for p in Partitions(3)]
sage: matrix([[a.scalar_jack(b) for a in l] for b in l])
[3*t^3/(t^2 + 3/2*t + 1/2)                         0                         0]
[                        0     (2*t^3 + t^2)/(t + 2)                         0]
[                        0                         0 1/6*t^3 + 1/2*t^2 + 1/3*t]

product(left, right)¶

The product of two Jack symmetric functions is done by multiplying the elements in the monomial basis and then expressing the elements the basis self.

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
left, right – symmetric function elements

OUTPUT:

the product of left and right expanded in the basis self

EXAMPLES:

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: m = JP.symmetric_function_ring().m()
sage: JP([1])^2 # indirect doctest
(2*t/(t+1))*JackP[1, 1] + JackP[2]
sage: m(_)
2*m[1, 1] + m[2]
sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).jack(t=2).P()
sage: JP([2,1])^2
125/63*JackP[2, 2, 1, 1] + 25/12*JackP[2, 2, 2] + 25/18*JackP[3, 1, 1, 1] + 12/5*JackP[3, 2, 1] + 4/3*JackP[3, 3] + 4/3*JackP[4, 1, 1] + JackP[4, 2]
sage: m(_)
45*m[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1] + 51/2*m[2, 1, 1, 1, 1] + 29/2*m[2, 2, 1, 1] + 33/4*m[2, 2, 2] + 9*m[3, 1, 1, 1] + 5*m[3, 2, 1] + 2*m[3, 3] + 2*m[4, 1, 1] + m[4, 2]

scalar_jack_basis(part1, part2=None)¶

Returns the scalar product of \(P(part1)\) and \(P(part2)\).

This is equation (10.16) of [Mc1995] on page 380.

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(P\) basis of the symmetric functions
part1 – a partition
part2 – an optional partition (default : None)

OUTPUT:

the scalar product between \(P(part1)\) and \(P(part2)\) (or itself if \(part2\) is None)

REFERENCES:

Mc1995: I. G. Macdonald, Symmetric functions and Hall polynomials, second ed., The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995, With contributions by A. Zelevinsky, Oxford Science Publications.

EXAMPLES:

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: JJ = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().J()
sage: JP.scalar_jack_basis(Partition([2,1]), Partition([1,1,1]))
0
sage: JP._normalize_coefficients(JP.scalar_jack_basis(Partition([3,2,1]), Partition([3,2,1])))
(6*t^6 + 10*t^5 + 11/2*t^4 + t^3)/(t^3 + 11/2*t^2 + 10*t + 6)
sage: JJ(JP[3,2,1]).scalar_jack(JP[3,2,1])
(6*t^6 + 10*t^5 + 11/2*t^4 + t^3)/(t^3 + 11/2*t^2 + 10*t + 6)

With a single argument, takes \(part2 = part1\):

sage: JP.scalar_jack_basis(Partition([2,1]), Partition([2,1]))
(2*t^3 + t^2)/(t + 2)
sage: JJ(JP[2,1]).scalar_jack(JP[2,1])
(2*t^3 + t^2)/(t + 2)

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_q(jack)¶

Bases: sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_generic

The \(Q\) basis is defined as a normalized form of the \(P\) basis

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(Q\) basis of the symmetric functions
jack – a family of Jack symmetric function bases

EXAMPLES:

sage: Q = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().Q()
sage: TestSuite(Q).run(skip=['_test_associativity', '_test_distributivity', '_test_prod']) # products are too expensive
sage: TestSuite(Q).run(elements = [Q.t*Q[1,1]+Q[2], Q[1]+(1+Q.t)*Q[1,1]])  # long time (3s on sage.math, 2012)

class Element¶: Bases: sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_generic.Element

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_qp(jack)¶

Bases: sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_generic

The \(Qp\) basis is the dual basis to the \(P\) basis with respect to the standard scalar product

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(Qp\) basis of the symmetric functions
jack – a family of Jack symmetric function bases

EXAMPLES:

sage: Qp = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().Qp()
sage: TestSuite(Qp).run(skip=['_test_associativity', '_test_distributivity', '_test_prod']) # products are too expensive
sage: TestSuite(Qp).run(elements = [Qp.t*Qp[1,1]+Qp[2], Qp[1]+(1+Qp.t)*Qp[1,1]])  # long time (3s on sage.math, 2012)

class Element¶: Bases: sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_generic.Element

coproduct_by_coercion(elt)¶

Returns the coproduct of the element elt by coercion to the Schur basis.

INPUT:

elt – an instance of the Qp basis

OUTPUT:

The coproduct acting on elt, the result is an element of the tensor squared of the Qp symmetric function basis

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ['t'].fraction_field())
sage: JQp = Sym.jack().Qp()
sage: JQp[2,2].coproduct()   #indirect doctest
JackQp[] # JackQp[2, 2] + (2*t/(t+1))*JackQp[1] # JackQp[2, 1] + JackQp[1, 1] # JackQp[1, 1] + ((2*t^3+4*t^2)/(t^3+5/2*t^2+2*t+1/2))*JackQp[2] # JackQp[2] + (2*t/(t+1))*JackQp[2, 1] # JackQp[1] + JackQp[2, 2] # JackQp[]

product(left, right)¶

The product of two Jack symmetric functions is done by multiplying the elements in the monomial basis and then expressing the elements the basis self.

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(Qp\) basis of the symmetric functions
left, right – symmetric function elements

OUTPUT:

the product of left and right expanded in the basis self

EXAMPLES:

sage: JQp = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().Qp()
sage: h = JQp.symmetric_function_ring().h()
sage: JQp([1])^2 # indirect doctest
JackQp[1, 1] + (2/(t+1))*JackQp[2]
sage: h(_)
h[1, 1]
sage: JQp = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).jack(t=2).Qp()
sage: h = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).h()
sage: JQp([2,1])^2
JackQp[2, 2, 1, 1] + 2/3*JackQp[2, 2, 2] + 2/3*JackQp[3, 1, 1, 1] + 48/35*JackQp[3, 2, 1] + 28/75*JackQp[3, 3] + 128/225*JackQp[4, 1, 1] + 28/75*JackQp[4, 2]
sage: h(_)
h[2, 2, 1, 1] - 6/5*h[3, 2, 1] + 9/25*h[3, 3]

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.SymmetricFunctionAlgebra_zonal(Sym)¶

Bases: sage.combinat.sf.sfa.SymmetricFunctionAlgebra_generic

Returns the algebra of zonal polynomials.

INPUT:

self – a zonal basis of the symmetric functions
Sym – a ring of the symmetric functions

EXAMPLES

sage: Z = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).zonal()
sage: Z([2])^2
64/45*Z[2, 2] + 16/21*Z[3, 1] + Z[4]
sage: Z = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).zonal()
sage: TestSuite(Z).run(skip=['_test_associativity', '_test_distributivity', '_test_prod']) # products are too expensive
sage: TestSuite(Z).run(elements = [Z[1,1]+Z[2], Z[1]+2*Z[1,1]])

class Element¶

Bases: sage.combinat.sf.sfa.SymmetricFunctionAlgebra_generic_Element

scalar_zonal(x)¶

The zonal scalar product has the power sum basis and the zonal symmetric functions are orthogonal. In particular, \(\langle p_\mu, p_\mu \rangle = z_\mu 2^{length(\mu)}\).

INPUT:

self – an element of the zonal basis
x – an element of the symmetric function

OUTPUT:

the scalar product between self and x

EXAMPLES

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: Z = Sym.zonal()
sage: parts = Partitions(3).list()
sage: matrix([[Z(a).scalar_zonal(Z(b)) for a in parts] for b in parts])
[16/5    0    0]
[   0    5    0]
[   0    0    4]
sage: p = Z.symmetric_function_ring().power()
sage: matrix([[Z(p(a)).scalar_zonal(p(b)) for a in parts] for b in parts])
[ 6  0  0]
[ 0  8  0]
[ 0  0 48]

product(left, right)¶

The product of two zonal symmetric functions is done by multiplying the elements in the monomial basis and then expressing the elements in the basis self.

INPUT:

self – a zonal basis of the symmetric functions
left, right – symmetric function elements

OUTPUT:

the product of left and right expanded in the basis self

EXAMPLES

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: Z = Sym.zonal()
sage: JP = Sym.jack(t=1).P()
sage: Z([2])*Z([3])                    # indirect doctest
192/175*Z[3, 2] + 32/45*Z[4, 1] + Z[5]
sage: Z([2])*JP([2])
10/27*Z[2, 1, 1] + 64/45*Z[2, 2] + 23/21*Z[3, 1] + Z[4]
sage: JP = Sym.jack(t=2).P()
sage: Z([2])*JP([2])
64/45*Z[2, 2] + 16/21*Z[3, 1] + Z[4]

sage.combinat.sf.jack.c1(part, t)¶

Returns the \(t\)-Jack scalar product between J(part) and P(part).

INPUT:

part – a partition
t – an optional parameter (default: uses the parameter \(t\) from the Jack basis)

OUTPUT:

a polynomial in the parameter t which is equal to the scalar product of J(part) and P(part)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.combinat.sf.jack import c1
sage: t = QQ['t'].gen()
sage: [c1(p,t) for p in Partitions(3)]
[2*t^2 + 3*t + 1, t + 2, 6]

sage.combinat.sf.jack.c2(part, t)¶

Returns the t-Jack scalar product between J(part) and Q(part).

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
part – a partition
t – an optional parameter (default: uses the parameter \(t\) from the Jack basis)

OUTPUT:

a polynomial in the parameter t which is equal to the scalar product of J(part) and Q(part)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.combinat.sf.jack import c2
sage: t = QQ['t'].gen()
sage: [c2(p,t) for p in Partitions(3)]
[6*t^3, 2*t^3 + t^2, t^3 + 3*t^2 + 2*t]

sage.combinat.sf.jack.normalize_coefficients(self, c)¶

If our coefficient ring is the field of fractions over a univariate polynomial ring over the rationals, then we should clear both the numerator and denominator of the denominators of their coefficients.

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
c – a coefficient in the base ring of self

OUTPUT:

divide numerator and denominator by the greatest common divisor

EXAMPLES:

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: t = JP.base_ring().gen()
sage: a = 2/(1/2*t+1/2)
sage: JP._normalize_coefficients(a)
4/(t + 1)
sage: a = 1/(1/3+1/6*t)
sage: JP._normalize_coefficients(a)
6/(t + 2)
sage: a = 24/(4*t^2 + 12*t + 8)
sage: JP._normalize_coefficients(a)
6/(t^2 + 3*t + 2)

sage.combinat.sf.jack.part_scalar_jack(part1, part2, t)¶

Returns the Jack scalar product between p(part1) and p(part2) where \(p\) is the power-sum basis.

INPUT:

part1, part2 – two partitions
t – a parameter

OUTPUT:

returns the scalar product between the power sum indexed by part1 and part2

EXAMPLES:

sage: Q.<t> = QQ[]
sage: from sage.combinat.sf.jack import part_scalar_jack
sage: matrix([[part_scalar_jack(p1,p2,t) for p1 in Partitions(4)] for p2 in Partitions(4)])
[   4*t      0      0      0      0]
[     0  3*t^2      0      0      0]
[     0      0  8*t^2      0      0]
[     0      0      0  4*t^3      0]
[     0      0      0      0 24*t^4]

Jack Symmetric Functions¶

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